Publicly breaking the fast during Ramadan—defined as eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours without a valid excuse—is a legal offense in Kuwait and many Islamic countries. This act not only contravenes religious principles but also violates civil laws designed to preserve the sanctity of Ramadan. Those who engage in this act are advised to seek repentance, as it is considered a major sin in Islam.

What Constitutes Publicly Breaking the Fast?

1. Deliberate Violation

An individual intentionally consumes food, beverages, or smokes in public during fasting hours without a valid reason such as illness or travel.

2. Public Display

The act is performed openly, making it apparent to others that the individual is not fasting.

3. Lack of a Legitimate Excuse

The individual does not have a valid exemption, such as a medical condition or travel, which would permit breaking the fast.

For instance, if a security officer or passerby observes someone eating in a public area or smoking inside a car during fasting hours, this is considered a public violation.

Are There Exemptions for Those with Valid Reasons?

Individuals who are exempt from fasting due to valid reasons—such as illness, travel, pregnancy, or medical conditions—must provide relevant documentation, such as a medical certificate or travel proof, to avoid penalties. Islam permits them to break their fast, but they are expected to do so discreetly.

The Ministry of Interior’s Investigations Department handles such cases and may consider humanitarian circumstances. However, those who openly violate the rule, such as by smoking in public, are unlikely to receive leniency.

What Are the Legal Penalties for Public Fasting Violations?

Under Kuwaiti Law No. 44 of 1968, individuals found publicly breaking their fast face the following penalties:

• A fine of up to 100 Kuwaiti dinars, imprisonment for up to one month, or both.
• The same penalties apply to those who encourage or compel others to break their fast in public.
• In some cases, expatriates convicted of this offense have faced deportation.

Regulations for Shops and Restaurants During Ramadan

Businesses operating during Ramadan must adhere to strict guidelines:

• Establishments where public fasting violations occur may be closed for up to two months.
• The Kuwait Municipality has set working hours for shops and restaurants, allowing food preparation to commence two hours before iftar.
• The Minister of Interior holds the authority to order the closure of establishments during fasting hours to enforce compliance with Ramadan laws.

Common Violations During Ramadan

Reckless Driving

Many motorists and delivery riders speed dangerously in the minutes leading up to iftar, increasing the risk of road accidents.

Arguments and Disputes

Tensions may arise, leading to unnecessary conflicts that contradict the spirit of Ramadan.

Advice for Residents and Expats

• Respect the Sanctity of Ramadan: Expats and non-Muslims are urged to avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during fasting hours.
• Observe Discretion: Those with legitimate reasons to break their fast should do so privately to uphold the values of Ramadan.
• Promote Harmony: Encouraging respect for religious observances fosters a peaceful and reflective environment for all.

By following these guidelines, individuals can contribute to maintaining the sanctity of Ramadan while ensuring a respectful and lawful observance of the holy month.